How to say "serve" in Japanese

Choosing the right word
  • サーブCommon
    noun, suru verb, intransitive verbThe sports term: the act of serving in tennis, volleyball or similar games. It is a loanword used only for this athletic sense, never for serving food, drinks or an employer.
    At Wimbledon there are now special electronic machines to judge the serves.
  • 勤めるつとめるJLPT N5approx.Common
    ichidan verb, transitive verbTo be employed at or work for a company, office or other organization. This is the usual word for the 'serve in a position' sense, covering ordinary employment rather than personal service to a superior.
    私の父ちちは外務省がいむしょうに勤つとめている。↗
    My father serves in the Foreign Ministry.
  • さすJLPT N2approx.Common
    godan verb, transitive verbTo pour or serve drinks such as tea, sake or coffee into a cup or glass. Usually written in kana. For 'serve' in the sense of handing someone a drink, this is the word you want.
  • 盛るもるJLPT N2approx.Common
    godan verb, transitive verbTo serve food by putting it in a bowl or on a plate, or to dish it out and fill the bowl. Use this for plating or portioning food, not for drinks or employment.
  • 仕えるつかえるJLPT N1approx.Common
    ichidan verb, intransitive verbTo serve or attend a master, lord or other superior, or to work for someone in a personal capacity. It suggests devoted personal service rather than ordinary employment, for which 勤める is the usual choice.
    コックは家族かぞくに長年ながねん仕つかえた。↗
    The cook served the family for many years.

Use 「サーブ」 for tennis/volleyball serves, 「勤める」 for being employed somewhere, 「さす」 for pouring drinks, 「盛る」 for dishing food onto plates, and 「仕える」 for serving a lord or master.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese equivalents
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JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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