ごく・極・極くgoku[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. adverbquite; very
2. numeral10^48; quindecillion

• Synonym極めてきわめてWrittenWritten prose for 'extremely', as in 「極めて重要」; more formal in tone than 「ごく」.
• Synonym至極しごくWrittenWritten style for 'extremely'; often placed after a word, as in 「残念至極」「至極当然」.
• Synonym至っていたってWrittenWritten style for 'very', as in 「至って健康」; mostly modifies states.
• SynonymとてもNeutralThe most common colloquial 'very'; with a negation it means 'not at all, by no means'.
• SynonymずいぶんNeutralColloquial 'quite, very' tinged with the speaker's surprise, as in 「随分寒い」.
• Synonym甚だはなはだWrittenWritten style for 'very', mostly in negative contexts, as in 「甚だ遺憾」.
• Synonym大いにおおいにNeutralMeans 'greatly'; mostly modifies actions, as in 「大いに飲む」.
• Synonym大変たいへんNeutralMeans 'very'; also a na-adjective meaning 'serious', as in 「大変だ」.
• SynonymたいそうNeutralMeans 'very'; somewhat dated in feel, and can also suggest exaggeration.
• SynonymなかなかNeutralMeans 'quite, considerably', as in 「なかなか上手」「なかなか難しい」; with a negation it means 'not easily'.
• SynonymよほどNeutralMeans 'quite, very'; often used in conjecture, as in 「よほど疲れていたのだろう」.
• SynonymひどくNeutralMeans 'very, badly'; mostly for negative degrees, as in 「ひどく痛む」.
• SynonymよっぽどCasualColloquial emphatic form of 「余程」, as in 「よっぽど嫌なんだ」.
• SynonymごくごくCasualEmphatic doubling of 「ごく」 meaning 'extremely', as in 「ごくごく普通」; colloquial.
• Related誠にまことにFormalFormal, polite 'truly, very', used in apologies and thanks, as in 「誠に申し訳ない」.
• Related非常にひじょうにNeutralNeutral, widely used 'very' that stresses high degree; 「ごく」 tends to modify words like few or ordinary.
• Related思い切りおもいきりNeutralMeans 'to one's heart's content, with all one's might', as in 「思い切り遊ぶ」「思い切り楽しい」; stresses doing something freely and full out.
• Related実にじつにWrittenThe same word as 「誠に」; also written 「実に」 and then read 「まことに」, while 「実に」 read 「じつに」 is a separate word.
• RelatedよくよくNeutralMeans 'carefully' or 'very', as in 「よくよく考える」; colloquial.
• Related究極きゅうきょくNeutralMeans 'ultimate, the highest', as in 「究極の選択」; a noun, so it does not modify adverbially.
• Related極度きょくどWrittenMeans 'an extreme degree', as in 「極度の緊張」; leans written and mostly modifies negative states.
• Related極限きょくげんWrittenMeans 'limit, extremity', as in 「極限状態」; a noun.
• Related最ももっともNeutralMeans 'most' in comparisons, as in 「最も高い」; 「ごく」 only says the degree is high.
• Related最さいWrittenA prefix meaning 'most', as in 「最高」「最先端」; cannot stand alone.
• RelatedいたくWrittenWritten style for 'deeply'; mostly modifies emotions, as in 「痛く感動する」.
• RelatedすこぶるWrittenWritten style for 'very', as in 「頗る元気だ」; carries an old-fashioned flavor.
• RelatedさばかりWrittenArchaic word for 'to that degree, that much'; not used in modern Japanese.
• RelatedことのほかWrittenMeans 'exceptionally, unexpectedly', as in 「殊の外寒い」; carries a sense of surprise.
• RelatedいともWrittenWritten style for 'extremely'; seen mostly in 「いとも簡単に」.

「ごく」 typically modifies words like ordinary, few or brief, as in 「ごく普通」「ごくわずか」. For a general 'very', use 「とても」 in speech, 「非常に」 or 「極めて」 in writing, and 「誠に」 in polite formal contexts.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. (ごく)1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 = 10⁴⁸を表あらわす。載の次つぎで恒河沙ごうがしゃの前まえの位くらい。
2. (ごく)程度ていどの大おおきい様さま。