極端|きょくたんkyokutan[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, na-adjectiveextreme; extremity
    君きみの言いうことは極端きょくたんじゃないか。↗
    Aren't you pushing it too far?
Conjugation
Plain form極端(きょくたん)
Polite (desu)極端です(きょくたんです)
Negative (dewa nai)極端ではない(きょくたんではない)
polite (dewa arimasen)極端ではありません(きょくたんではありません)
Past (datta)極端だった(きょくたんだった)
Past negative (dewa nakatta)極端ではなかった(きょくたんではなかった)
Te form (de)極端で(きょくたんで)
Adverbial (ni)極端に(きょくたんに)
Conditional (nara)極端なら(きょくたんなら)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym極度きょくどWrittenWritten/formal prose. Says a degree has reached its peak, as in 「極度の疲労」; it is about degree, while 「極端」 is about leaning to one side.
  • Synonym極限きょくげんNeutralMeans the utmost limit, as in 「体力の極限」; it is about reaching the very end, not leaning to one side.
  • Synonym甚だしいはなはだしいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Says a degree is extreme, as in 「誤解も甚だしい」; mostly used for bad things.
  • Related過度かどNeutralSays something goes past the proper limit, as in 「過度な期待」; it is about excess, not about taking one extreme side.
  • Related過激かげきNeutralDescribes words or actions that are radical and provocative, as in 「過激な発言」; it stresses intensity rather than one-sidedness.
  • Related強烈きょうれつNeutralMeans intense or striking, as in 「強烈な印象」; it stresses how strong something feels and does not imply leaning to one extreme.
  • RelatedめちゃくちゃCasualColloquial. Says something is absurd or a total mess, as in 「めちゃくちゃな計画」; it stresses chaos rather than one-sidedness.
  • Related猛烈もうれつNeutralMeans fierce or violent, as in 「猛烈な勢い」; it stresses forceful momentum, not taking an extreme position.
  • RelatedごくNeutralAn adverb meaning 'extremely', as in 「ごく普通」; it modifies degree and does not mean going to extremes.
  • Related先鋭せんえいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Says ideas are sharp and radical, as in 「先鋭化する」; it leans toward political stances.
  • RelatedラジカルNeutralA loanword meaning radical or thorough; it leans toward political or ideological contexts.
  • Related過剰かじょうNeutralMeans excess or surplus, as in 「供給過剰」; it is about quantity exceeding a proper level.
  • Related過大かだいNeutralMeans too large, as in 「過大評価」; it is about overestimates or burdens being too big.
  • Related過当かとうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means excessive, as in 「過当競争」; it is used mainly in business contexts.
  • Related過多かたWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means too much or too many, as in 「情報過多」; it is about quantity.
  • Related法外ほうがいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means outrageous, as in 「法外な値段」; it is used mainly for unreasonable prices.
  • RelatedむちゃくちゃCasualColloquial. Says something is absurd or done recklessly, or means 'extremely'; it stresses wild, reckless behavior.
  • Related過重かじゅうNeutralSays a burden or workload is too heavy, as in 「過重労働」; it is about the weight of work or burdens.
  • RelatedとてつもないNeutralSays something is absurd or astoundingly huge; it carries a tone of astonishment.
  • Related矯激きょうげきWrittenWritten/formal prose. Describes words and behavior as extreme or biased; rarely used today.
  • Related急進的きゅうしんてきWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means radical, as in 「急進的改革」; it leans toward political change.
  • Antonym中間ちゅうかんNeutralAntonym. Means the middle or a moderate position, the opposite of leaning to one extreme.
  • Antonym中庸ちゅうようWrittenAntonym. Written/formal prose. Means moderation or the middle way, the opposite of going to extremes.

Use 「極端」 for leaning to one side or going to extremes, as in 「極端な意見」「極端に言えば」. For a degree at its peak use 「極度」; for exceeding a proper limit 「過度」; for radical words or actions 「過激」. Many alternatives narrow to a field: 「過剰」「過多」 for quantity, 「過大」「過重」 for size and burden, 「法外」 for prices, 「先鋭」「急進的」 for politics. The opposites are 「中庸」 and 「中間」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 一方いっぽうに大おおきく偏かたよっていること。
  2. 最もっとも端はしの部分ぶぶん。
  3. 一方いっぽうに大おおきく偏かたよっている。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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