極端|きょくたんkyokutan[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- noun, na-adjectiveextreme; extremity
Conjugation
| Plain form | 極端(きょくたん) |
|---|---|
| Polite (desu) | 極端です(きょくたんです) |
| Negative (dewa nai) | 極端ではない(きょくたんではない) |
| polite (dewa arimasen) | 極端ではありません(きょくたんではありません) |
| Past (datta) | 極端だった(きょくたんだった) |
| Past negative (dewa nakatta) | 極端ではなかった(きょくたんではなかった) |
| Te form (de) | 極端で(きょくたんで) |
| Adverbial (ni) | 極端に(きょくたんに) |
| Conditional (nara) | 極端なら(きょくたんなら) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym極度きょくどWrittenWritten/formal prose. Says a degree has reached its peak, as in 「極度の疲労」; it is about degree, while 「極端」 is about leaning to one side.
- Synonym極限きょくげんNeutralMeans the utmost limit, as in 「体力の極限」; it is about reaching the very end, not leaning to one side.
- Synonym甚だしいはなはだしいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Says a degree is extreme, as in 「誤解も甚だしい」; mostly used for bad things.
- Related過度かどNeutralSays something goes past the proper limit, as in 「過度な期待」; it is about excess, not about taking one extreme side.
- Related過激かげきNeutralDescribes words or actions that are radical and provocative, as in 「過激な発言」; it stresses intensity rather than one-sidedness.
- Related強烈きょうれつNeutralMeans intense or striking, as in 「強烈な印象」; it stresses how strong something feels and does not imply leaning to one extreme.
- RelatedめちゃくちゃCasualColloquial. Says something is absurd or a total mess, as in 「めちゃくちゃな計画」; it stresses chaos rather than one-sidedness.
- Related猛烈もうれつNeutralMeans fierce or violent, as in 「猛烈な勢い」; it stresses forceful momentum, not taking an extreme position.
- RelatedごくNeutralAn adverb meaning 'extremely', as in 「ごく普通」; it modifies degree and does not mean going to extremes.
- Related先鋭せんえいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Says ideas are sharp and radical, as in 「先鋭化する」; it leans toward political stances.
- RelatedラジカルNeutralA loanword meaning radical or thorough; it leans toward political or ideological contexts.
- Related過剰かじょうNeutralMeans excess or surplus, as in 「供給過剰」; it is about quantity exceeding a proper level.
- Related過大かだいNeutralMeans too large, as in 「過大評価」; it is about overestimates or burdens being too big.
- Related過当かとうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means excessive, as in 「過当競争」; it is used mainly in business contexts.
- Related過多かたWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means too much or too many, as in 「情報過多」; it is about quantity.
- Related法外ほうがいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means outrageous, as in 「法外な値段」; it is used mainly for unreasonable prices.
- RelatedむちゃくちゃCasualColloquial. Says something is absurd or done recklessly, or means 'extremely'; it stresses wild, reckless behavior.
- Related過重かじゅうNeutralSays a burden or workload is too heavy, as in 「過重労働」; it is about the weight of work or burdens.
- RelatedとてつもないNeutralSays something is absurd or astoundingly huge; it carries a tone of astonishment.
- Related矯激きょうげきWrittenWritten/formal prose. Describes words and behavior as extreme or biased; rarely used today.
- Related急進的きゅうしんてきWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means radical, as in 「急進的改革」; it leans toward political change.
- Antonym中間ちゅうかんNeutralAntonym. Means the middle or a moderate position, the opposite of leaning to one extreme.
- Antonym中庸ちゅうようWrittenAntonym. Written/formal prose. Means moderation or the middle way, the opposite of going to extremes.
Use 「極端」 for leaning to one side or going to extremes, as in 「極端な意見」「極端に言えば」. For a degree at its peak use 「極度」; for exceeding a proper limit 「過度」; for radical words or actions 「過激」. Many alternatives narrow to a field: 「過剰」「過多」 for quantity, 「過大」「過重」 for size and burden, 「法外」 for prices, 「先鋭」「急進的」 for politics. The opposites are 「中庸」 and 「中間」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


