モデルmoderu

1. nounmodel; dummy; mock-up
   彼かれは今いままでに９体たいの人型ひとがたロボットを製造せいぞうしていたが、その全すべてはデモンストレーションモデルだった。↗

   Up to now he had made nine humanoid robots but they were all demonstration models.
2. nounmodel (profession); fashion model
   彼女かのじょはモデルになる努力どりょくをしている。↗

   She is making an effort at becoming a model.
3. nounmodel (of a vehicle, machine, etc.); version
   彼かれのオートバイは最新さいしんモデルだ。↗

   His motorcycle is the latest model.
4. nounmodel (e.g. mathematical)
   一般的いっぱんてきには、覇権はけん的てき秩序ちつじょというモデルは成功せいこうしたと認みとめられる交渉こうしょうストラテジーすべてに対たいする説明せつめいを与あたえることはできない。↗

   Admittedly, models of hegemonic order cannot provide an explanation for all observed successful bargaining strategies.
5. nounmodel (for a fictional character, place, etc.); inspiration
6. noun, mathmodel (in model theory)

• Synonym模型もけいNeutralA replica made to imitate the real thing, as in 「飛行機の模型」. 「モデル」 covers this sense but also means a fashion model or a product model.
• Synonym見本みほんNeutralA sample or concrete specimen, as in 「商品見本」, shown to display quality or appearance. 「モデル」 stresses serving as a prototype or fashion model.
• SynonymマネキンNeutralA store mannequin for displaying clothes, or a shop-floor promoter. A live fashion model is always 「モデル」.
• Synonym典型てんけいNeutralThe most representative example of its kind, as in 「典型的な例」. 「モデル」 is something to imitate; 「典型」 is what best represents the group.
• SynonymパターンNeutralA pattern, routine, or design, as in 「行動パターン」, stressing a fixed form that recurs. 「モデル」 centers on the original prototype.
• Synonym手本てほんNeutralA model to imitate when learning, also a copybook or model drawing. 「モデル」 can also mean a role model, but 「手本」 is the usual word for learning skills.
• Synonym模範もはんNeutralA praiseworthy exemplar to learn from, as in 「模範解答」. When 「モデル」 means a role model, the tone is more neutral.
• Synonym範はんWrittenA written, formal word for an exemplar, mostly in 「範を示す」「範とする」. In speech, use 「手本」 or 「模範」.
• Synonym雛形ひながたNeutralA miniature copy of the real thing, or a prescribed format for documents, as in 「契約書の雛形」. Only 「モデル」 covers the fashion-model and product-model senses.
• Related例れいNeutralAn example or instance, also a custom or convention. 「モデル」 is a prototype or template to follow; 「例」 is just a case cited.
• Related枠組みわくぐみNeutralA framework or structure, as in 「制度の枠組み」, stressing the overall architecture. 「モデル」 is a model or scheme to imitate.
• Related型かたNeutralA type, mold, or set form, as in 「型にはまる」. It overlaps with 「モデル」 in the model and pattern senses, but never means a fashion model.
• Related青写真あおじゃしんWrittenA blueprint, often figurative for future plans, as in 「将来の青写真」. 「モデル」 is a model to refer to, with no sense of a plan.
• Related型式かたしきWrittenThe model designation of industrial products such as cars and appliances, as in 「車の型式」; a technical term. Everyday talk favors 「モデル」.
• Related図案ずあんWrittenA design drawing for art and craft works, laying out combinations of colors and patterns. 「モデル」 is not used for such decorative designs.
• Related型紙かたがみNeutralA paper pattern for cutting cloth or a stencil for dyeing fabric; a specialized use. 「モデル」 has no such sense.
• RelatedタイプNeutralA type or kind, also one's ideal type, as in 「好きなタイプ」. 「モデル」 names a specific model or version; 「タイプ」 names a category.
• RelatedデザインNeutralDesign, covering both a product's look and the process or concept behind it. 「モデル」 can mean the product itself, as in 「新モデル」.
• RelatedフレームワークNeutralA framework or way of structuring thought, mostly in business and IT. 「モデル」 stresses a model or template you can apply.
• Antonym実物じつぶつNeutralThe real thing itself; the opposite of 「モデル」 in the sense of a model or replica.
• Antonym現物げんぶつNeutralThe actual article on hand, also spot goods or payment in kind; opposite of 「モデル」 in the replica sense.

「モデル」 covers a fashion model, a product model or version, a physical model, and a prototype to follow. Use 「模型」 for a replica, 「見本」 for a sample, 「タイプ」 for a type, 「手本」 or 「模範」 for a role model, and 「実物」 or 「現物」 for the real thing. The rest are narrower: 「雛形」 a template, 「型式」 a technical model number, 「青写真」 a blueprint, 「図案」 a design, 「型紙」 a sewing pattern, 「デザイン」 design, 「枠組み」/「フレームワーク」 a framework, 「パターン」 a pattern, 「典型」 a typical case, 「型」 a type or mold, 「マネキン」 a mannequin, 「範」 a written exemplar.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 模型もけい、原型げんけい、方式ほうしき、型かた、雛型ひながた。
2. 模範もはん、手本てほん。
3. 小説しょうせつなどで作品さくひんの題材だいざいにされた人ひとや物もの。
4. ファッションモデル。