付する・附する|ふするfusuru[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Which spelling to use
付する付する（ふする） is the more common written form. It is the form learners should normally choose when writing this word.
附する附する（ふする） is a less common written variant of 付する（ふする）; it is not the first choice for beginners.
Definitions
- suru verb (irregular), transitive verbto affix; to append; to attach
- suru verb (irregular), transitive verbto entrust; to refer; to handle (as such)
- suru verb (irregular), intransitive verbto follow (the leader)
- suru verb (irregular), transitive verbto submit (a document, etc.)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 付する（ふする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 付します（ふします） |
| Negative (nai) | 付しない（ふしない） |
| polite (masen) | 付しません（ふしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 付せず・付せぬ（ふせず・ふせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 付した（ふした） |
| polite (mashita) | 付しました（ふしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 付しなかった（ふしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 付しませんでした（ふしませんでした） |
| Te form | 付して（ふして） |
| Potential | 付できる（ふできる） |
| Passive | 付される（ふされる） |
| Causative | 付させる（ふさせる） |
| Causative passive | 付させられる（ふさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 付すれば（ふすれば） |
| tara | 付したら（ふしたら） |
| Volitional | 付しよう（ふしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 付しましょう（ふしましょう） |
| Imperative | 付しろ（ふしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- SynonymつけるNeutralNeutral and the most general word for attaching or fitting something on; 「付する」 leans bureaucratic, as in 「条件を付する」.
- Synonym添付てんぷWrittenWritten. Attaching documents or files, as in 「添付ファイル」; typical of emails and official paperwork.
- Synonym貼付ちょうふWrittenWritten. Pasting something on, as in 「写真を貼付する」; leans official forms and procedures.
- SynonymくっつけるCasualColloquial. Sticking things together or bringing them close; the most casual option here.
- Synonym添えるそえるNeutralNeutral. Adding something alongside as an accompaniment, as in 「手紙を添える」; leans complementary additions.
- Synonym付すふすWrittenWritten register. A godan verb much like 「付する」 in meaning, as in 「不問に付す」; used even less often than the headword.
- Related付着ふちゃくWrittenWritten. Sticking or adhering to something, as in 「汚れが付着する」; leans physical.
- Related付帯ふたいWrittenWritten. Incidental or ancillary, as in 「付帯条件」; stresses the secondary, subordinate status of what is added.
- Related付随ふずいWrittenWritten. Accompanying something closely, as in 「付随する問題」; stresses being bound up with the main matter.
- Antonym離すはなすNeutralNeutral. Separating or parting things; the opposite of the headword's attaching sense.
- Antonym外すはずすNeutralNeutral. Taking off or detaching what is attached; the opposite of the headword's affixing sense.
For everyday attaching, use 「付ける」 or 「添える」. 「付する」 is for formal, official prose—appending conditions or referring a matter for handling, as in 「条件を付する」「審議に付する」「不問に付す」. For file or document attachments, 「添付」 is the standard choice.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
