How to say "die" in Japanese

Choosing the right word
  • 死ぬしぬJLPT N5approx.Common
    godan verb, intransitive verbThe plain, all-purpose word for death itself, used of people and animals; choose it whenever you simply mean that someone or something died, with no special politeness or coloring.
    その少年しょうねんは死しんだものとしてあきらめられた。↗
    The boy was given up for dead.
  • 亡くなるなくなるJLPT N4approx.Common
    godan verb, intransitive verbThe euphemistic way to say that a person has died — the equivalent of 'pass away'; natural when offering condolences, reporting a death, or speaking respectfully of the deceased.
    ディックは10歳さいのときなくなりました。↗
    Dick died at ten years of age.
  • 枯れるかれるJLPT N2approx.Common
    ichidan verb, intransitive verbAs a rendering of 'die' it fits only plants: a flower or tree withers, dries up, and dies. It is not the word for the death of people or animals.
    その花はなは水みずがないために枯かれた。↗
    The flower died for lack of water.
  • godan verb, intransitive verbA derogatory way to say someone has died, in the vein of 'kick the bucket' or 'croak'; it sounds crude and contemptuous, so reserve it for insults or rough jokes.
    あいつは簡単かんたんにはくたばらない。↗
    He has more lives than a cat.
  • 眠るねむるJLPT N4approx.Common
    godan verb, intransitive verbCovers 'die' only in the figurative sense of 'resting in peace': the dead sleep in the grave or lie buried. Expect it in memorial or grave-side language rather than plain statements that someone died.
    彼かれは今こん地下ちかに眠ねむっている。↗
    He is dead and buried now.

Use 「死ぬ」 for death in general, 「亡くなる」 as the euphemistic word for a person's death, 「枯れる」 only for plants withering, 「くたばる」 when being crude or insulting, and 「眠る」 for the figurative 'rest in peace' sense of dying.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese equivalents
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JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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