に照らして|にてらして

1. 1Judging or evaluating something against a formal standard such as a law or regulation.Ex. 1
2. 2Judging something in light of past experience or established facts used as a reference point.Ex. 2

This is a formal, largely written expression used in legal, administrative, journalistic, and analytical contexts, often with nouns like 法律, 規則, 常識, or 経験. It stresses holding something up against a yardstick to check whether it conforms or to reach a judgment. Unlike に基づいて, which marks the foundation something is built on, に照らして highlights the act of comparison and evaluation.

• 1.
  に即してN1「に即して」emphasizes acting in line with reality, actual conditions, or someone's specific situation, as in 「現実に即した計画」and 「生徒一人ひとりに即した指導」. When attached to law it also means 'in accordance with,' but unlike 「に照らして」, it does not stress making a judgment after checking against a standard.
• 2.
  に則ってN1「に則って」means following laws, rules, traditions, etc., so the following clause is an action performed according to those norms, while 「に照らして」focuses on making a judgment after comparing. When measuring or inferring using experience or facts as a yardstick, 「に照らして」is generally used.
• 3.
  に基づいてN2「に基づいて」uses data, facts, laws, regulations, etc. as grounds for acting or judging, and can attach to acts like drafting or handling; 「に照らして」centers on weighing things against a standard, with judgments or disposals as typical following clauses. The two are often interchangeable when the following clause is a judgment or disposal.
• 4.
  〜に鑑みてN1With 「に鑑みて」, the preceding item is typically past accidents, lessons learned, or social conditions, meaning measures are taken in consideration of these situations, and the following clause is mostly decisions or countermeasures; with 「に照らして」, the preceding item is the standard used for measurement, focusing on comparative judgment. They are generally not interchangeable.
• 5.
  を踏まえてN1「を踏まえて」treats facts, circumstances, or existing content as premises to take into account before drawing up plans, holding discussions, or taking action, without emphasizing whether something conforms to a standard by comparison.
• 6.
  からすると / からすればN2「からすると」infers based on what precedes it or evaluates from someone's viewpoint/position, with a neutral register; 「に照らして」requires checking against a yardstick such as law or experience and leans toward formal writing. The two are close only when making judgments purely from experience or facts.

に照らして measures something against a yardstick in order to judge it. By contrast, に基づいて marks a basis, に則って means following a rule or custom as a model, and に即して means conforming to actual facts or circumstances. 〜に鑑みて gives a situation as the reason for a decision, を踏まえて builds on something as a premise, and からすると gives a viewpoint or evidence for a more casual judgment.