眠る・睡る|ねむるnemuru[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N4approx.Common
ねぶるneburuok
Which spelling to use
眠る眠る(ねむる) is the most common written form and the recommended choice for beginners, covering the meanings ‘to sleep,’ ‘to die,’ ‘to rest in peace,’ and ‘to lie buried.’
睡る睡る is a less common kanji-and-kana variant of 眠る. Recognize it when you encounter it, but beginners should choose 眠る when writing.
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto sleep
    もし眠ねむるといけないので目覚めざまし時計とけいをセットしなさい。↗
    In case you sleep, set the alarm.
  2. godan verb, intransitive verbto die; to rest (in peace); to lie (buried); to sleep (in the grave)
    彼かれは今こん地下ちかに眠ねむっている。↗
    He is dead and buried now.
  3. godan verb, intransitive verbto lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; to lie untapped; to lie untouched
  4. godan verb, intransitive verbto close one's eyes
Conjugation
Dictionary form眠る(ねむる)
Polite (masu)眠ります(ねむります)
Negative (nai)眠らない(ねむらない)
polite (masen)眠りません(ねむりません)
classical zu / nu眠らず・眠らぬ(ねむらず・ねむらぬ)
Past (ta)眠った(ねむった)
polite (mashita)眠りました(ねむりました)
Past negative (nakatta)眠らなかった(ねむらなかった)
polite (masen deshita)眠りませんでした(ねむりませんでした)
Te form眠って(ねむって)
Potential眠れる(ねむれる)
Passive眠られる(ねむられる)
Causative眠らせる(ねむらせる)
Causative passive眠らせられる・眠らされる(ねむらせられる・ねむらされる)
Conditional (ba)眠れば(ねむれば)
tara眠ったら(ねむったら)
Volitional眠ろう(ねむろう)
polite (mashou)眠りましょう(ねむりましょう)
Imperative眠れ(ねむれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym寝るねるNeutralCovers going to bed or lying down, as in 「早く寝る」; it stresses the act of going to bed, while 「眠る」 stresses being asleep, as in 「八時間眠る」.
  • Synonym就眠しゅうみんWrittenA written word for falling asleep or going to bed, as in 「就眠時間」; found mostly in medical or regulatory contexts, not used in everyday speech.
  • Antonym起きるおきるNeutralThe opposite of 「眠る」: to wake up or get up, as in 「朝六時に起きる」.
  • Antonym覚醒するWrittenThe written opposite of 「眠る」: to wake from sleep or anesthesia, as in 「麻酔から覚醒する」.

For sleeping, 「眠る」 is the default choice. Use 「寝る」 for going to bed, 「就眠」 as the written word for falling asleep, and 「起きる」 or written 「覚醒する」 for waking up.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 心身しんしんの活動かつどうが自然しぜんに停止ていしし、一定いっていの時間じかん、外界がいかいに対たいして無意識むいしきとなる。ほとんどの場合ばあい、そのとき眼めは閉とじられている。
  2. (比喩ひゆ、「永久えいきゅうに眠ねむる」から)死しんで埋葬まいそうされる。
  3. 外そとに対たいして存在そんざいしていることを示しめさない。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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