こぼす・零す・溢す・翻すkobosu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

1. godan verb, transitive verbto spill; to drop; to shed (tears)
   私はコーヒーをじゅうたんにこぼしてしまった。↗

   I spilled my coffee on the carpet.
2. godan verb, transitive verbto grumble (about); to complain (of)
   父ちちは交通こうつう騒音そうおんについて不平ふへいをこぼした。↗

   My father complained about the traffic noise.
3. godan verb, transitive verbto let (one's feelings) show

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• Synonym垂らすたらすNeutralLets liquid drip drop by drop or lets something hang down, as in 「よだれを垂らす」; 「零す」 is about accidentally spilling something out.
• Synonym漏らすもらすNeutralLeaking, letting a secret slip, or voicing dissatisfaction; 「零す」 also covers complaining but leans toward grumbling.
• Synonym滴らすしたたらすWrittenWritten-style word for letting liquid drip, as in 「汗を滴らす」; 「零す」 means spilling something out.
• Related落とすおとすNeutralMaking something fall or losing it; 「零す」 is spilling liquid or grains, and also covers shedding tears and grumbling.
• Related撒き散らすまきちらすNeutralScattering things all around, also figuratively spreading a bad influence; 「零す」 is an accidental spill.
• Related滴下てきかWrittenWritten term for liquid dripping, mostly in chemistry and medical contexts; in everyday speech say 「垂らす」.
• Antonym止めるとめるNeutralThe opposite of 「零す」 on the spill-vs-stop axis: to stop something or hold it back.
• Antonym留めるとどめるNeutralDuplicates the previous 「止める」 entry: to stop or hold something back, the opposite of 「零す」's spilling.

Use 「零す」 for accidentally spilling liquid, shedding tears, or grumbling. For dripping use 「垂らす」, for dropping or losing things 「落とす」, for leaking or letting a secret slip 「漏らす」, and for scattering around 「撒き散らす」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 容器ようきを不注意ふちゅういに傾かたむけるなどして中なかの物ものを外そとに出だす。
2. 感情かんじょうなどを表ひょうに出だす。
3. 涙なみだなどを落おとす。
4. 不満ふまんや愚痴ぐちを言ゆう。