わかる・分かる・解る・判る・分るwakaru[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

1. godan verb, intransitive verbto understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
   「博ひろし、君きみの気持きもちは分わかるよ」とマイクが言いいます。↗

   "I understand how you feel, Hiroshi," says Mike.
2. godan verb, intransitive verbto become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
   彼かれが有名ゆうめいな人物じんぶつだというのがわかります。↗

   I understand that he's something of a famous personality.
3. interjectionI know!; I think so too!

• Synonym了解りょうかいNeutralUnderstanding and accepting what someone says; in casual speech 「了解」 means 'got it', but to a boss or client it can sound too casual — use 「承知しました」.
• Synonym飲み込むのみこむNeutralLiterally 'to swallow'; figuratively to grasp or get the hang of something, as in 「コツを飲み込む」「事情を飲み込む」. The image is of digesting; 「分かる」 is more direct and everyday.
• Synonym理解りかいNeutralA Sino-Japanese suru verb for understanding content, reasoning, or sympathizing with someone, as in 「理解を深める」; more formal and active than 「分かる」.
• Synonym認識にんしきWrittenTo recognize or become clearly aware of something, as in 「問題を認識する」; written and abstract, while 「分かる」 is the everyday word.
• Synonym解するかいするWrittenWritten word for understanding or grasping, often in 「ユーモアを解する」; can also mean to interpret. In daily speech use 「分かる」.
• Synonym悟るさとるWrittenTo grasp the true meaning of something or to sense it, as in 「死期を悟る」; also Buddhist enlightenment. Goes deeper than 「分かる」.
• Synonym知るしるNeutralFocuses on gaining knowledge or learning of something, as in 「ニュースで知る」; 「分かる」 is about understanding or something becoming clear.
• Synonym認知にんちWrittenRecognizing or acknowledging that something exists, as in 「認知度」; also legal acknowledgment of a child. Technical; in daily life say 「分かる」 or 「知る」.
• Synonym読み取るよみとるNeutralTo read and understand a text, or read feelings and data from cues, as in 「気持ちを読み取る」; 「分かる」 is not limited to reading or seeing.
• Synonym会得えとくWrittenWritten word for taking something in and making it your own, as in 「奥義を会得する」; mostly for arts and skills. 「分かる」 does not stress mastery.
• Synonym納得なっとくNeutralTo understand and be convinced or satisfied, as in 「説明に納得する」; stresses acceptance. 「分かる」 centers on grasping, though it can carry agreement too.
• Synonym把握はあくNeutralTo get a full grasp of a situation or the whole picture, as in 「状況を把握する」; about having the information under control. 「分かる」 is more everyday.
• SynonymつかむNeutralLiterally to seize with the hand; figuratively to nail the point, as in 「コツを掴む」「要点を掴む」. 「分かる」 carries no image of grabbing.
• Synonym承知しょうちFormalTo know or to consent; the set phrase 「承知しました」 is a deferential 'understood' used to superiors and customers.
• Synonym存じるぞんじるFormalHumble equivalent of 「知る」 and 「思う」, as in 「存じております」; used of yourself in formal settings to show respect.
• Synonym通じるつうじるNeutralFor meaning to get across and be understood, as in 「日本語が通じる」; also to be well versed in something, as in 「事情に通じる」, with a person as subject.
• Synonym心得るこころえるNeutralTo know the ways of something or have a skill, as in 「礼儀を心得る」; also to accept a duty. Rather formal; 「分かる」 is more everyday.
• Synonym聞き取るききとるNeutralTo catch or make out what you hear, as in 「英語を聞き取る」; limited to listening, while 「分かる」 is not tied to any one sense.
• Synonym噛み分けるかみわけるNeutralTo discern fine differences and appreciate them deeply, mostly in 「酸いも甘いも噛み分ける」; for everyday understanding say 「分かる」.
• Synonym解せるげせるNeutralMainly in the negative 「解せない」, for something you cannot make sense of, with a tinge of frustration; for the positive meaning say 「分かる」.
• Synonym了知りょうちWrittenWritten word for knowing something clearly, found mostly in official documents; rare in daily life, where 「知る」 or 「分かる」 is used.
• Synonym通ずるつうずるWrittenThe written-style form of 「通じる」 with the very same meanings, which for both verbs include roads connecting and current flowing; everyday speech prefers 「通じる」.
• Related感知かんちWrittenTo sense or detect something, as in 「危険を感知する」, and also used of machines detecting changes; 「分かる」 puts its weight on understanding.
• Related知覚ちかくWrittenPsychology term for perceiving the outside world through the senses; technical and rare in daily talk, where 「感じる」 or 「気づく」 is used.
• Antonym解らないNeutralAn alternative spelling of 「分からない」; the opposite of 「分かる」, meaning you do not understand or something is unclear.
• Antonym分からないNeutralThe negative of 「分かる」: not understanding or not knowing, as in 「意味が分からない」.

Use 「分かる」 for understanding or something becoming clear, as in 「意味が分かる」「結果が分かる」. For learning of something use 「知る」; for formal, active understanding 「理解」; for being convinced 「納得」; to a superior say 「承知しました」. Others are narrower: figurative or sensory grasping (飲み込む, 掴む, 読み取る, 聞き取る), written or technical terms (認識, 解する, 悟る, 認知, 会得, 了知, 感知, 知覚, 通ずる), and polite or set uses (了解, 承知, 存じる, 心得る).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. （分わかる、判わかる）（調しらべたことによって）事実じじつが明あきらかになる、情報じょうほうが得えられる。判明はんめいする。知識ちしきがある。
2. （分わかる、解わかる）ものごとの解釈かいしゃくなどについて納得なっとくする、理解りかいする、あるいはその能力のうりょくがある。
3. 世情せじょうに通つうじ納得なっとくしやすい、ものわかりがよい、受容じゅよう的てきで意地いじを張はらない。
4. （多おおく逆接ぎゃくせつや譲歩じょうほを導みちびいて）了解りょうかいや納得なっとくができる。説得力せっとくりょくがある。一定いっていの正当性せいとうせいがある。容認ようにんされる。
5. 予測よそくがつく、推測すいそくできる。
6. （否定ひてい語ごとともに）事情じじょうがことなるかもしれない。可能性かのうせいがありそうだ。
7. （「かもわからない」などの形かたちで）可能性かのうせいを表あらわす。かもしれない。
8. （「わかる」の形かたちで）共感きょうかんを表あらわす。
9. （「わかった」の形かたちで）了解りょうかいや同意どういを表あらわす。
10. 相手あいての言い分いいぶんを了解りょうかいした上うえで、提案ていあんや行動こうどうを行おこなうニュアンス。
11. これ以上いじょう話はなしを聞ききたくないというニュアンス。