供与|きょうよkyouyo[1]atamadaka (head-high)
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbgiving; provision; furnishing
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 供与する（きょうよする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 供与します（きょうよします） |
| Negative (nai) | 供与しない（きょうよしない） |
| polite (masen) | 供与しません（きょうよしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 供与せず・供与せぬ（きょうよせず・きょうよせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 供与した（きょうよした） |
| polite (mashita) | 供与しました（きょうよしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 供与しなかった（きょうよしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 供与しませんでした（きょうよしませんでした） |
| Te form | 供与して（きょうよして） |
| Potential | 供与できる（きょうよできる） |
| Passive | 供与される（きょうよされる） |
| Causative | 供与させる（きょうよさせる） |
| Causative passive | 供与させられる（きょうよさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 供与すれば（きょうよすれば） |
| tara | 供与したら（きょうよしたら） |
| Volitional | 供与しよう（きょうよしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 供与しましょう（きょうよしましょう） |
| Imperative | 供与しろ（きょうよしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym供給きょうきゅうNeutralNeutral. Focuses on a steady supply of necessities like electricity and goods; also an economics term. 供与 mostly means providing funds or weapons to another party.
- Synonym提供ていきょうNeutralNeutral. The most common word; works for information, services, venues, and also sponsoring TV programs. 供与 is more formal, seen in diplomatic and legal documents.
- Synonym交付こうふWrittenWritten. Issuing documents, subsidies, receipts, etc. through set procedures. 供与 mostly means providing funds, technology, or goods.
- Synonym与えるあたえるNeutralNeutral native verb, the broadest of all: giving things, influence, opportunities. 供与 is more formal, providing funds, technology, convenience, or benefits.
- Synonym授けるさずけるWrittenWritten. A superior conferring titles, or imparting knowledge and secrets. 供与 carries no superior-to-inferior or teaching nuance; it centers on providing goods.
- Synonym支給しきゅうNeutralNeutral. Paying out wages, allowances, or goods as stipulated, as in 「交通費を支給する」. 供与 is mostly providing funds or goods to an outside party.
- Synonym給するきゅうするWrittenWritten. Means to provide or pay out; found mainly in regulations, as in 「旅費を給する」. Ordinary writing uses 「支給する」 or 「供与する」.
- Related付与ふよWrittenWritten. Grants abstract things like authority, qualifications, or rights, as in 「権限を付与する」; 供与 is mostly for providing funds and goods.
- Related贈与ぞうよWrittenWritten. The gratuitous gifting of property; also a legal term, as in 「贈与税」. 供与 need not be free of charge and is common in aid or bribery contexts.
- Related授与じゅよWrittenWritten. Formally confers honors such as prizes, degrees, and medals. What 供与 gives is practical things: funds, technology, goods.
- Related配給はいきゅうNeutralNeutral. Distributing rations such as food by allotment; also film distribution. 供与 means providing to a specific party and has no sense of allocation.
- Related発給はっきゅうWrittenWritten. Specifically the issuance of passports, visas, and other documents by government bodies. 供与 takes funds, weapons, technology — not documents.
- Related差し上げるさしあげるFormalFormal humble equivalent of 「あげる」, for giving things or doing something for someone you must show deference to. 供与 is officialese and carries no honorific tone.
- Related贈呈ぞうていWrittenWritten. Ceremonially presenting gifts or prizes, as in 「記念品を贈呈する」. 供与 has no ceremonial coloring and often concerns aid supplies.
- Related譲り渡すゆずりわたすNeutralNeutral. Handing over one's own property or rights, stressing the transfer of ownership. 供与 centers on providing aid or resources to another party.
- RelatedくれるCasualColloquial. Someone gives to me or my side, viewed from the receiver's standpoint. 供与 is neutral officialese with no such perspective restriction.
- Related賦するふするWrittenWritten and archaic. Allocating or apportioning, also composing poetry or prose. It only touches 供与 in the sense of doling out, and is rarely used today.
- RelatedあてがうNeutralNeutral. Assigning or giving out, sometimes with a perfunctory feel; also fitting or attaching something to something. 供与 is formal provision.
- Related給うたまうWrittenArchaic. A superior bestowing something; today mostly in classical style or the command form 「～たまえ」. Not used for modern provision of goods.
- Related奉呈ほうていFormalFormal. Respectfully presenting something to a person of high standing, such as credentials or one's writings. Compared with 供与 it is strongly deferential.
- Antonym収受しゅうじゅWrittenWritten antonym. Receiving, especially taking bribes. It pairs with 供与 in bribery contexts, as in 「利益の供与と収受」.
- Antonym受領じゅりょうWrittenWritten antonym. Formally receiving money, letters, and the like, as in 「受領書」. It stands opposite the giving side of 供与.
Use 「供与」 in formal documents for providing funds, goods, or technology. In everyday language choose 「提供」 or 「与える」; for a continuous supply of necessities use 「供給」, and for paying out allowances or wages 「支給」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
