借金|しゃっきんshakkin[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbdebt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money
- noun, baseballnumber of games under the .500 mark
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 借金する（しゃっきんする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 借金します（しゃっきんします） |
| Negative (nai) | 借金しない（しゃっきんしない） |
| polite (masen) | 借金しません（しゃっきんしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 借金せず・借金せぬ（しゃっきんせず・しゃっきんせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 借金した（しゃっきんした） |
| polite (mashita) | 借金しました（しゃっきんしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 借金しなかった（しゃっきんしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 借金しませんでした（しゃっきんしませんでした） |
| Te form | 借金して（しゃっきんして） |
| Potential | 借金できる（しゃっきんできる） |
| Passive | 借金される（しゃっきんされる） |
| Causative | 借金させる（しゃっきんさせる） |
| Causative passive | 借金させられる（しゃっきんさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 借金すれば（しゃっきんすれば） |
| tara | 借金したら（しゃっきんしたら） |
| Volitional | 借金しよう（しゃっきんしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 借金しましょう（しゃっきんしましょう） |
| Imperative | 借金しろ（しゃっきんしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym借り入れかりいれNeutralThe act of borrowing funds, mainly a business/finance term, as in 「借り入れ金利」; 「借金」 is more colloquial, covering both borrowing money and the debt owed.
- Synonym負債ふさいWrittenA formal term for debts carried, by individuals and companies alike; in accounting, total liabilities. 「借金」 is the everyday word for money you owe.
- Synonym借入金かりいれきんWrittenAn accounting line-item term for money borrowed. In everyday conversation people say 「借金」.
- Synonym借りかりNeutralCan refer to money or things borrowed, but more often to a favor or obligation owed, as in 「借りを返す」; 「借金」 is mainly about money.
- Synonym債務さいむWrittenA legal term for obligations one must perform toward a specific party under law or contract; owing money is only one kind. 「借金」 is everyday talk for owing money.
- Synonym借入しゃくにゅうNeutralThe same word as above, also written 「借入」; the spelling differs but the meaning is identical. 「借金」 is the more colloquial choice.
- Synonym借財しゃくざいWrittenAn old-fashioned written word for borrowing money or being in debt, now rarely used; in daily speech 「借金」 is the norm.
- Related負い目おいめNeutralMostly the psychological sense of being in someone's debt, as in 「負い目を感じる」; 「借金」 is money actually owed.
- Antonym貯金ちょきんNeutralThe opposite of 「借金」 in where the money goes: putting money aside, savings. In baseball it also means a surplus of wins.
- Antonym貸付かしつけWrittenThe opposite of 「借金」 in the direction of the transaction: lending money out, typically a financial institution's loans. A written/formal term.
Use 「借金」 as the everyday word for borrowing money and for debts owed. For borrowing from a bank or institution, 「借り入れ」 is the business/finance term. In accounting and legal contexts use 「負債」 and 「債務」. For owing a favor rather than money, say 「借り」 or 「負い目」. 「貯金」 (savings) and 「貸付」 (lending) are opposites, not substitutes.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
