堂々・堂堂|どうどうdoudou[0]heiban (flat)

1. taru-adjective, adverb (with と)magnificent; grand; impressive; dignified; majestic; imposing; stately
   その老人ろうじんは堂々どうどうとした顔かおつきをしていた。↗

   The old man had a noble countenance.
2. taru-adjective, adverb (with と)fair; square; open; unashamed; brazen
3. adverb (with と)grandly; boldly; confidently
   彼かれはその式典しきてんで堂々どうどうと振る舞ふるまった。↗

   He bore himself well at the ceremony.
4. adverb (with と)fairly; squarely; unreservedly; brazenly

• Synonym荘厳そうごんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Solemn and sacred, often for religious sites and rites as in 「荘厳な寺院」; it stresses the sacred feel, while 堂々 leans to grandeur and open uprightness.
• Synonym壮大そうだいNeutralNeutral. For sheer scale, as in 「壮大な計画」 or 「壮大な景色」; it stresses grandeur alone and carries no sense of being open or upright.
• Synonym立派りっぱNeutralNeutral. Everyday word for fine and praiseworthy, as in 「立派な建物」; it praises quality rather than suggesting an open, unashamed bearing.
• Synonym雄大ゆうだいNeutralNeutral. Vast and majestic in scale, as in 「雄大な富士山」 or 「雄大な構想」; it stresses imposing grandeur, with no sense of openness.
• Synonym壮麗そうれいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Magnificent and gorgeous, as in 「壮麗な宮殿」; it stresses visual splendour rather than dignity or candour.
• Synonym広壮こうそうWrittenWritten/formal prose. For grand, spacious buildings and the like; little used in modern Japanese.
• Synonym雄偉ゆういWrittenWritten/formal prose. Magnificent and imposing; rarely met in modern Japanese.
• Synonym豪壮ごうそうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Luxuriously grand, as in 「豪壮な邸宅」; it leans toward stately, opulent buildings.
• Related重々しいおもおもしいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Grave and stately, as in 「重々しい口調」; it leans toward a heavy, weighty atmosphere rather than confident grandeur.
• Related厳かおごそかWrittenWritten/formal prose. Solemn, as in 「厳かな式典」; it centres on the hushed air of ceremonies, while 堂々 is about presence and confidence.
• Related偉大いだいNeutralNeutral. Great in achievement, as in 「偉大な科学者」; it applies to people and their accomplishments, not to an attitude or bearing.
• Related見事みごとNeutralNeutral. Splendid and admirable, as in 「見事な演技」; it praises skilful, impressive performance rather than dignity or openness.
• Related壮観そうかんWrittenWritten/formal prose. A spectacular sight, as in 「壮観な眺め」; it describes scenes and views, not a person's confident manner.
• Related尊厳そんげんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Dignity as an inviolable value, as in 「人間の尊厳」; a noun for worth that must not be violated, not a manner.
• Related厳粛げんしゅくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Solemn and serious, as in 「厳粛な雰囲気」 or 「厳粛な事実」; it stresses gravity, not confident grandeur.
• Related荘重そうちょうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Solemn and dignified, as in 「荘重な音楽」; it leans toward music and prose style rather than personal bearing.
• Antonym卑怯ひきょうNeutralNeutral. Mean and cowardly, as in 「卑怯な手段」; the direct opposite of the fair, open dealing that 堂々 suggests.
• Antonym臆病おくびょうNeutralNeutral. Timid and easily frightened; the opposite of the confident, unhesitating manner of 堂々.

Use 「堂々」 for both impressive grandeur and a confident, open, unashamed manner, as in 「堂々とした態度」 and 「正々堂々」. For a solemn, sacred air pick 「荘厳」 or 「厳か」; for sheer scale 「壮大」 or 「雄大」; for everyday praise 「立派」; for admirable skill 「見事」; for great figures 「偉大」. 「広壮」 and 「雄偉」 are rare in modern use. The opposites are 「卑怯」 for underhanded means and 「臆病」 for timidity.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 完成度かんせいどが高たかかったり規模きぼが大おおきかったりして立派りっぱなさま。
2. 恥はずかしいがったりためらったりすることが無ないさま。
3. （「堂堂どうどうの」の形かたちで名詞めいしを修飾しゅうしょくして）立派りっぱなさま。ためらったりしないさま。
4. 複数ふくすうの仏ふつ堂どう。