踏む・履む・践む|ふむfumu[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
踏む踏む is the most common written form for these meanings and the recommended choice for beginners. Use it when writing this verb unless you have a specific reason to choose a variant.
履む履む is a less common written variant of 踏む with the same meanings. Beginners should choose 踏む rather than this form.
践む践む is less common than both 踏む and 履む, but has the same meanings. Beginners should choose 踏む rather than this form.
Definitions
- godan verb, transitive verbto step on; to tread on; to trample onその男は私の足を踏んだのにわびることさえしなかった。↗The man did not so much as apologize for stepping on my foot.
- godan verb, transitive verbto set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to visit
- godan verb, transitive verbto experience; to undergo
- godan verb, transitive verbto follow (rules, principles, etc.); to go through (e.g. formalities); to complete
- godan verb, transitive verbto estimate; to guess; to judge; to value; to appraise
- godan verb, transitive verbto rhyme
- godan verb, transitive verbto succeed to (e.g. the throne)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 踏む（ふむ） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 踏みます（ふみます） |
| Negative (nai) | 踏まない（ふまない） |
| polite (masen) | 踏みません（ふみません） |
| classical zu / nu | 踏まず・踏まぬ（ふまず・ふまぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 踏んだ（ふんだ） |
| polite (mashita) | 踏みました（ふみました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 踏まなかった（ふまなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 踏みませんでした（ふみませんでした） |
| Te form | 踏んで（ふんで） |
| Potential | 踏める（ふめる） |
| Passive | 踏まれる（ふまれる） |
| Causative | 踏ませる（ふませる） |
| Causative passive | 踏ませられる・踏まされる（ふませられる・ふまされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 踏めば（ふめば） |
| tara | 踏んだら（ふんだら） |
| Volitional | 踏もう（ふもう） |
| polite (mashou) | 踏みましょう（ふみましょう） |
| Imperative | 踏め（ふめ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym踏みつけるふみつけるNeutralFor pressing down hard on something with your foot; also figuratively for trampling someone's feelings, as in 「人の好意を踏みつける」.
- Synonym踏んづけるふんづけるCasualColloquial for stomping hard on something, as in 「虫を踏んづける」; rougher in tone than 「踏む」.
- Related足踏みあしぶみNeutralStepping or stamping in place; also figuratively for progress stalling, as in 「交渉が足踏みする」.
- Related踏み入れるふみいれるNeutralFor stepping or walking into a place, as in 「未知の世界に足を踏み入れる」.
- Antonym避けるさけるNeutralThe opposite of 「踏む」: to dodge something so as not to step on it, or to avoid it altogether, as in 「水たまりを避ける」.
Default for stepping or treading on something is 「踏む」. Use 「踏みつける」 to press down hard or trample feelings, colloquial 「踏んづける」 to stomp, 「足踏み」 for marking time or stalling, 「踏み入れる」 to step into a place, 「避ける」 to avoid.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
See also
