以前・已前|いぜんizen[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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- noun (suffix)before; prior to; ago
- noun, adverbthe past; before; previously; former times以前はこの丘の上に城があった。↗There used to be a castle on this hill.
- Synonym先にさきにWrittenRead 「せんに」: refers to former times, the past, with a dated, literary feel. 「以前」 is more common and can also follow a word as 「…以前」.
- SynonymかつてWrittenWritten: 'once, in the past', as in 「かつての恋人」; with a negative it means 'never yet', as in 「かつてない」 — a usage 「以前」 lacks.
- Related前もってまえもってNeutralRefers to the time before something happens, as in 「前もって連絡する」 or 「前もって知っていた」. 「以前」 refers broadly to a past period.
- RelatedかねてWrittenWritten: for something long true, as in 「かねてからの希望」; stresses continuity up to now. 「以前」 just places things before a given time, with no sense of lasting.
- RelatedあらかじめNeutralFor doing something beforehand, as in 「予めご了承ください」; slightly more formal than 「前もって」. 「以前」 only marks time order, without stressing advance arrangement.
- Related先立ってさきだってWrittenWritten: prior to something, as in 「開会に先立って」, or 'the other day'. 「以前」 refers broadly to the past and suits both speech and writing.
- Related先にせんにWrittenRead 「せんに」: refers to former times, the past, with a dated, literary feel. 「以前」 is more common and can also follow a word as 「…以前」.
- Antonym以後いごNeutralFor the time after a point or from now on, as in 「以後気をつけます」; the opposite of 「以前」 in time sequence.
- Antonym以降いこうNeutralFor the time from a point onward, as in 「明治以降」 or 「5時以降」; the opposite of 「以前」 in time sequence.
- Antonym後あとNeutralFor 'after' or 'later', as in 「食事の後」; the most common everyday word, opposite of 「以前」 in time.
Use 「以前」 for the past in general or the time before a certain point. For doing something in advance, pick 「前もって」 or 「予め」; for 'once, formerly' use 「かつて」. For 'after', choose 「以後」, 「以降」 or 「後」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


