以前・已前|いぜんizen[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N3approx.Common
Which spelling to use
以前以前 is the most common spelling and the form beginners should normally use in general writing.
已前已前 is a rarely used written variant of 以前; learners will seldom encounter it and generally should not choose it for ordinary writing.
Definitions
  1. noun (suffix)before; prior to; ago
    最善さいぜんを尽つくしますが、よくいっても木曜もくよう以前いぜんに終おえる事ことは出来できません。↗
    I'll do my best, but I'll not be able to finish it before Thursday at best.
  2. noun, adverbthe past; before; previously; former times
    以前いぜんはこの丘おかの上うえに城しろがあった。↗
    There used to be a castle on this hill.
Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym先にさきにWrittenRead 「せんに」: refers to former times, the past, with a dated, literary feel. 「以前」 is more common and can also follow a word as 「…以前」.
  • SynonymかつてWrittenWritten: 'once, in the past', as in 「かつての恋人」; with a negative it means 'never yet', as in 「かつてない」 — a usage 「以前」 lacks.
  • Related前もってまえもってNeutralRefers to the time before something happens, as in 「前もって連絡する」 or 「前もって知っていた」. 「以前」 refers broadly to a past period.
  • RelatedかねてWrittenWritten: for something long true, as in 「かねてからの希望」; stresses continuity up to now. 「以前」 just places things before a given time, with no sense of lasting.
  • RelatedあらかじめNeutralFor doing something beforehand, as in 「予めご了承ください」; slightly more formal than 「前もって」. 「以前」 only marks time order, without stressing advance arrangement.
  • Related先立ってさきだってWrittenWritten: prior to something, as in 「開会に先立って」, or 'the other day'. 「以前」 refers broadly to the past and suits both speech and writing.
  • Related先にせんにWrittenRead 「せんに」: refers to former times, the past, with a dated, literary feel. 「以前」 is more common and can also follow a word as 「…以前」.
  • Antonym以後いごNeutralFor the time after a point or from now on, as in 「以後気をつけます」; the opposite of 「以前」 in time sequence.
  • Antonym以降いこうNeutralFor the time from a point onward, as in 「明治以降」 or 「5時以降」; the opposite of 「以前」 in time sequence.
  • Antonym後あとNeutralFor 'after' or 'later', as in 「食事の後」; the most common everyday word, opposite of 「以前」 in time.

Use 「以前」 for the past in general or the time before a certain point. For doing something in advance, pick 「前もって」 or 「予め」; for 'once, formerly' use 「かつて」. For 'after', choose 「以後」, 「以降」 or 「後」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. その時ときをいれて、その時ときから前まえ。その前まえ。副詞ふくし的てき、接続せつぞく助詞じょし的てきにも用もちいられる。
  2. あることのために当然とうぜん達成たっせいしておくべき条件じょうけんを満みたしていない段階だんかい。
  3. 過去かこのある時点じてんにおいて。昔むかし、かつて。以前いぜんに。
  4. ~より過去かこにおいて。
  5. 一定いってい日時にちじより起算きさんしたその前まえの時間的じかんてき間隔かんかくや時間じかんの連続れんぞくを表あらわす用語ようご。起算点きさんてんとなった日時にちじを包括ほうかつする。
  6. (まず、達成たっせいすべき条件じょうけんである)~に達たっしていなくて。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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