届く|とどくtodoku[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Definitions
- godan verb, intransitive verbto reach; to touch; to get to; to carry (of sound)
- godan verb, intransitive verbto be delivered; to arrive
- godan verb, intransitive verbto be attentive; to be scrupulous; to be thoroughas 目が届く, 神経が届く, etc.
- godan verb, intransitive verbto be realized (of a desire); to be fulfilled; to get through (to someone); to be appreciated; to make an impression
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 届く（とどく） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 届きます（とどきます） |
| Negative (nai) | 届かない（とどかない） |
| polite (masen) | 届きません（とどきません） |
| classical zu / nu | 届かず・届かぬ（とどかず・とどかぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 届いた（とどいた） |
| polite (mashita) | 届きました（とどきました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 届かなかった（とどかなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 届きませんでした（とどきませんでした） |
| Te form | 届いて（とどいて） |
| Potential | 届ける（とどける） |
| Passive | 届かれる（とどかれる） |
| Causative | 届かせる（とどかせる） |
| Causative passive | 届かせられる・届かされる（とどかせられる・とどかされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 届けば（とどけば） |
| tara | 届いたら（とどいたら） |
| Volitional | 届こう（とどこう） |
| polite (mashou) | 届きましょう（とどきましょう） |
| Imperative | 届け（とどけ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Transitive / intransitive pair
手紙が届く
届く focuses on the item arriving at its destination, while 届ける focuses on the act of delivering it.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym至るいたるWrittenWritten/formal word for reaching a place, stage, or conclusion, as in 「結論に至る」; 「届く」 centers on delivery or being within reach.
- Synonym到達とうたつWrittenWritten/formal noun for reaching a target, as in 「目標に到達する」; not the everyday word for mail being delivered.
- Synonym達するたっするNeutralReaching a figure or level, as in 「目標に達する」; the focus is on attaining a standard, not on physical delivery or reach.
- Synonym及ぶおよぶNeutralInfluence or scope spreading to somewhere, as in 「被害が及ぶ」; the focus is on extension, not delivery.
- Synonym着くつくNeutralPeople, vehicles, packages, and letters arriving, as in 「駅に着く」「荷物が着く」; 「届く」 also covers being within reach and sound carrying.
- Synonym行き着くいきつくNeutralEnding up at a final point or result, as in 「結論に行き着く」; the emphasis is on the endpoint.
- Related到着とうちゃくNeutralSino-Japanese noun for arrival at a station or destination, as in 「到着時刻」; formal in tone.
- RelatedくるNeutralThe broadest word for coming or arriving; 「届く」 focuses on being delivered or carried to someone.
- Related行き届くいきとどくNeutralAttentive, thorough care, as in 「サービスが行き届く」, and by extension reaching a place or degree; 「届く」 centers on delivery and reach.
- Antonym届かないNeutralThe negative of 「届く」: out of reach, not delivered, or not attained, as in 「手が届かない」.
Use 「届く」 for parcels being delivered, sound carrying, or things within reach. For people or vehicles arriving pick 「着く」 or 「到着」; for hitting a target or standard 「達する」; for influence spreading 「及ぶ」; for thorough care 「行き届く」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
