汲む|くむkumu[0]heiban (flat)
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
Definitions
- godan verb, transitive verbto draw (water); to ladle; to dip up; to scoop up; to pump
- godan verb, transitive verbto pour (into a cup); to drink (together)
- godan verb, transitive verbto consider (feelings, the situation, etc.); to sympathize with; to intuit; to understand
- godan verb, transitive verbto draw upon; to inherit
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 汲む（くむ） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 汲みます（くみます） |
| Negative (nai) | 汲まない（くまない） |
| polite (masen) | 汲みません（くみません） |
| classical zu / nu | 汲まず・汲まぬ（くまず・くまぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 汲んだ（くんだ） |
| polite (mashita) | 汲みました（くみました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 汲まなかった（くまなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 汲みませんでした（くみませんでした） |
| Te form | 汲んで（くんで） |
| Potential | 汲める（くめる） |
| Passive | 汲まれる（くまれる） |
| Causative | 汲ませる（くませる） |
| Causative passive | 汲ませられる・汲まされる（くませられる・くまされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 汲めば（くめば） |
| tara | 汲んだら（くんだら） |
| Volitional | 汲もう（くもう） |
| polite (mashou) | 汲みましょう（くみましょう） |
| Imperative | 汲め（くめ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- SynonymつぐNeutralMeans pouring liquid in or onto something — the opposite direction from 「汲む」, which draws liquid out.
- Synonym汲み取るくみとるNeutralMeans drawing water out, and figuratively sensing another person's feelings; 「汲む」 focuses on drawing water and can also mean being considerate.
- Synonym酌むくむNeutralSame reading 「くむ」, but used for pouring sake, drinking together, or intuiting feelings; 「汲む」 focuses on drawing water.
- RelatedすくうNeutralMeans scooping with a ladle or cupped hands, as in scooping up goldfish; 「汲む」 focuses on drawing water.
- Related注ぐそそぐNeutralMeans pouring liquid in or onto something — the opposite direction from 「汲む」, which draws liquid out.
- Related汲み上げるくみあげるNeutralMeans pumping or drawing water up, and figuratively adopting opinions; 「汲む」 is just drawing or scooping.
- Relatedすくい上げるすくいあげるNeutralMeans scooping or ladling something up and out, and figuratively picking up or adopting opinions; 「汲む」 focuses on taking water.
- Relatedすくい取るすくいとるNeutralMeans scooping something out or skimming it off, as when removing scum from a broth; 「汲む」 focuses on taking water.
- Antonym注ぐそそぐNeutralMeans pouring liquid in or onto something — the opposite direction from 「汲む」, which draws liquid out.
Use 「汲む」 for drawing water from a well or river and for considering someone's feelings, as in 「意を汲む」. Pour sake with 「酌む」, scoop with a ladle or hands with 「掬う」, pump water up or adopt opinions with 「汲み上げる」, and pour liquid in with 「注ぐ」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
