申請|しんせいshinsei[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbapplication; request; petition
   もうパスポートを申請しんせいしましたか。↗

   Have you applied for a passport yet?

• Synonym申し込みもうしこみNeutralEveryday applications such as signing up or subscribing, e.g. 「参加申し込み」; also covers proposals like marriage. 「申請」 is mostly applying to authorities for permits.
• Synonym申し出もうしでNeutralVoluntarily coming forward with a proposal, offer or request, e.g. 「辞退の申し出」; 「申請」 must go through official procedures.
• Synonym頼みたのみNeutralColloquial noun for a request or something entrusted to someone; 「申請」 is a formal application.
• Synonym出願しゅつがんWrittenSubmitting a written application, e.g. 「特許出願」; close to 「申請」 but mostly for exams, admission and patents.
• Related嘆願たんがんWrittenWritten/formal: an earnest plea made after explaining the circumstances, often a petition such as 「助命嘆願」; 「申請」 is a procedural application to an authority.
• Related要請ようせいNeutralA solemn request that the other party take action, usually between governments or organizations, e.g. 「出動要請」; 「申請」 is a procedural application.
• Related頼みたのみNeutralColloquial noun for a request or something entrusted to someone; 「申請」 is a formal application.
• Related懇請こんせいWrittenWritten/formal: an earnest, heartfelt request, mostly seen in formal documents; 「申請」 is a procedural application.
• RelatedリクエストNeutralLoanword for asking for something you want, such as a song request; 「申請」 is a formal application.
• Related依頼いらいNeutralAsking someone to do a task, i.e. commissioning, e.g. 「調査依頼」; 「申請」 is applying to an authority for permission.
• Related陳情ちんじょうWrittenWritten/formal: stating the facts to superiors or officials and asking them to act; 「申請」 is applying for permission.
• Related請願せいがんWrittenPetitioning the state or a legislature, e.g. 「請願書」; 「申請」 is applying for one's own permission or benefit.
• Related懇願こんがんWrittenWritten/formal: begging or imploring from the heart; 「申請」 is a procedural application.
• Related請求せいきゅうNeutralDemanding something as a rightful claim, e.g. a bill (「請求書」) or a damage claim; 「申請」 asks an authority for permits, subsidies and the like.
• Related求めもとめWrittenWritten/formal: a demand or requirement, and by extension purchasing; 「申請」 is a procedural application.
• Related請いこいWrittenLiterary and archaic word for entreaty; in everyday speech use 「頼み」 or 「お願い」.
• Relatedお願い事おねがいごとNeutralColloquial: something you want to ask of someone; 「申請」 is a formal procedure.
• Related建白けんぱくWrittenWritten/formal and old-fashioned: submitting a written statement of one's views to the government; rarely used today.
• Antonym取り下げとりさげNeutralThe opposite of 「申請」 in whether something gets filed: withdrawing an application or lawsuit already submitted.

Use 「申請」 for formally applying to an authority through set procedures, e.g. for permits or subsidies. For everyday sign-ups and subscriptions use 「申し込み」; for patents and school admission use 「出願」; for claiming something as a right use 「請求」. For earnest pleading choose 「嘆願」 or 「懇願」. 「依頼」 is commissioning someone, 「要請」 a formal call for action, 「リクエスト」 a casual request. The opposite of filing one is 「取り下げ」, withdrawal.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 行政ぎょうせい庁ちょうの許可きょか、認可にんか、免許めんきょその他たの自己じこに対たいし何なんらかの利益りえきを付与ふよする処分しょぶんを求もとめる行為こうい。
2. ある事物じぶつについて申もうし願ねがうこと。