上|うえue[0]heiban (flat)

1. no-adjectiveabove; over; up
   飛行機ひこうきは山やまの上うえを飛とんだ。↗

   The plane flew over the mountain.
2. nountop; summit; upper part; head (e.g. of a staircase)
   本棚ほんだなの上うえに手てが届とどきますか。↗

   Can you reach to the top of the bookshelf?
3. nounsurface; on (top of)
   机つくえの上うえに本ほんがあります。↗

   There is a book on the desk.
4. no-adjectivethe above (in a piece of writing); earlier part
5. no-adjectivesuperior; better; higher (position, rank, etc.); upper (class)
   彼かれのスキーの腕うでは私よりはるかに上うえだ。↗

   He is far above me in skiing.
6. no-adjectiveelder; older; senior
   彼かれは私の兄あによりも年ねんが上うえに見みえます。↗

   He looks older than my brother.
7. nounwith respect to ...; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned; when (e.g. drunk)as ...上で(は) or ...上の
   彼かれは仕事しごとの上うえでは私の先輩せんぱいだ。↗

   He has more experience on the job than I.
8. nounbesides ...; in addition to ...; on top of ...; as well as ...as ...上(に)
   寒さむかったうえに、風かぜも強つよかった。↗

   It was cold, and, in addition, it was windy.
9. nounafter ...; upon ...; on ...; with (e.g. full awareness); as a result of ...as ...上(で)
   彼かれらは合意ごういの上うえで敏速びんそくな行動こうどうをとった。↗

   They acted immediately by agreement.
10. nounsince ...; now that ...; because ...as ...上は
11. suffixhonorable; venerable; dearafter a person of higher status
12. nounemperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo

• Related先輩せんぱいNeutralRefers to someone who joined a school or workplace before you; close to 「上」 in the sense of higher status or seniority, but not about age alone.
• Related年上としうえNeutralMeans older than a particular person, as in 「三つ年上」; corresponds only to 「上」 when it expresses being older in age.
• Related年長ねんちょうNeutralMeans older in age — as in 「年長者」 — and also the top year of kindergarten; more formal than 「年上」.
• Related目上めうえNeutralA person of higher status or age than oneself, as in 「目上の人」; stresses someone toward whom honorific language should be used.
• Related年嵩としかさWrittenOnly matches 「上」 in its sense of being older in age, as in 「年嵩の男性」; a written word, used sparingly.
• Related年長者ねんちょうしゃWrittenSomeone older than oneself; a written-style word, as in 「年長者を敬う」.
• Related長上ちょうじょうWrittenA written, old-fashioned word for elders and superiors; rarely used in modern times — say 「目上」 in daily speech.
• Antonym下したNeutralThe opposite of 「上」: below or a low place, or lower status and younger age.

「上」 is mainly about position. To compare ages, use 「年上」; for someone of higher status or age who deserves honorifics, use 「目上」; for seniority by when someone joined, use 「先輩」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 【うえ、かみ】 頭あたまの方向ほうこう。
2. 【うえ、かみ】 重力じゅうりょくの作用さようする空間くうかんにおいて、重力じゅうりょくから離はなれる方向ほうこう。
3. 【うえ、かみ】 命令めいれいなどの強制力きょうせいりょくを出だす側がわ。治おさめる側がわ。
4. 【ジョウ】 成績評価せいせきひょうかで、優すぐれている状態じょうたい。
5. 【ジョウ】 大規模だいきぼな文章ぶんしょうや書籍しょせきなどで、はじめの方ほうの部分ぶぶん。
6. 【ジョウ】 場所ばしょや領域りょういきなど。
7. 【ジョウ】 ～に関かんする事項じこう、理由りゆう、側面そくめん、経緯けいい。
8. 【ジョウ】 （数学すうがく）集合論しゅうごうろんでは、集合しゅうごうA上うえの演算えんざんはAのある元もとaの写像しゃぞうがAに属ぞくすることを示しめす。圏けん論ろんでも似にたようなものを指さす。