する・為るsuru
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- suru verbto do; to carry out; to perform
- suru verbto cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
- suru verbto serve as; to act as; to work as
- suru verbto wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
- suru verbto judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use asas 〜にする,〜とする
- suru verbto decide on; to chooseas 〜にする
- suru verb, intransitive verbto be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)as 〜がする
- suru verb, intransitive verbto be (in a state, condition, etc.)
- suru verb, intransitive verbto be worth; to cost
- suru verb, intransitive verbto pass (of time); to elapse
- suru verb, transitive verbto place, or raise, person A to a post or status Bas AをBにする
- suru verb, transitive verbto transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for Bas AをBにする
- suru verb, transitive verbto make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were Bas AをBにする
- suru verb, transitive verbto feel A about Bas AをBにする
- suffix, suru verbverbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
- auxiliary verb, suru verbcreates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
- auxiliary verb, suru verbto be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt toas 〜うとする,〜ようとする
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | する |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | します |
| Negative (nai) | しない |
| polite (masen) | しません |
| classical zu / nu | せず・せぬ |
| Past (ta) | した |
| polite (mashita) | しました |
| Past negative (nakatta) | しなかった |
| polite (masen deshita) | しませんでした |
| Te form | して |
| Potential | できる |
| Passive | される |
| Causative | させる |
| Causative passive | させられる |
| Conditional (ba) | すれば |
| tara | したら |
| Volitional | しよう |
| polite (mashou) | しましょう |
| Imperative | しろ |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym行うおこなうNeutralFor rule-governed activities like meetings, exams and ceremonies; more formal than 「する」. Everyday actions such as 「宿題をする」 are not normally replaced by it.
- SynonymなすWrittenLiterary, archaic-flavoured word for doing; mostly in fixed phrases like 「為す術もない」 and 「善を為す」. In daily speech use 「する」 or 「やる」.
- SynonymなすWrittenMeans forming, constituting or achieving something, as in 「群れを成す」 and 「財を成す」; stresses the result formed, not doing in general.
- SynonymいたすFormalHumble equivalent of 「する」 for actions by you or your side, as in 「私が致します」; not used for the listener's or the other party's actions.
- Synonym実施じっしWrittenPutting plans, systems, exams etc. into effect; common in announcements and news, and limited to things planned in advance; weightier than 「する」.
- Synonym実行じっこうNeutralAn everyday word for carrying a plan or idea into action, also running a program; stresses turning plans into deeds, a nuance 「する」 lacks.
- SynonymやるCasualIn casual speech it often replaces 「する」, as in 「宿題をやる」, with a looser tone; set phrases like 「気がする」 won't take it, and it also means to give or send.
- Related履行りこうWrittenFulfilling duties, promises or contracts; its objects are limited to obligations and agreements, mostly in legal and business contexts.
- Related遂行すいこうWrittenCarrying a task or duty through to the end, as in 「任務を遂行する」; stresses seeing execution through, with a strong written flavour.
- Related成し遂げるなしとげるNeutralSeeing work, duties or great undertakings through to a result, as in 「偉業を成し遂げる」; stresses getting things done, which 「する」 does not imply.
- RelatedやらかすCasualColloquial for blundering or messing up, as in 「またやらかした」; rueful or teasing tone. For neutral doing, use 「する」.
- Related果たすはたすNeutralFulfilling duties, promises or aims, or playing a role, as in 「役割を果たす」 and 「約束を果たす」; stresses full accomplishment.
- Related執行しっこうWrittenExecuting penalties, orders, budgets or official duties under the law; objects are mostly legal and administrative, as in 「刑の執行」.
- Related達成たっせいNeutralAn everyday word for achieving goals, records or plans; its objects are limited to targets of that kind, as in 「目標を達成する」.
- Related実践じっせんWrittenPutting theory or what one has learned into actual practice, as in 「学んだことを実践する」; stresses doing as opposed to theory.
- Related遂げるとげるWrittenAccomplishing an aim or finally reaching an outcome, as in 「目的を遂げる」 and 「進化を遂げる」; distinctly written-style.
- Related営むいとなむWrittenRunning a business or making a living, also holding memorial services or funerals, as in 「店を営む」 and 「法事を営む」; far narrower in range than 「する」.
- RelatedしでかすCasualColloquial: doing something outrageous or getting into trouble, as in 「とんでもないことを仕出かす」; carries a negative or surprised tone.
- Related出来すでかすCasualOld colloquial word that once meant doing wrong; today it survives almost only as 「でかした」, praising someone for a job well done.
- Relatedし遂げるしとげるWrittenSticking with something to the end and achieving the aim; close to 「やり遂げる」 but this form is less common.
- Relatedやり遂げるやりとげるNeutralSeeing work or tasks through to the end without giving up; 「する」 only means doing and says nothing about finishing.
- Related演るやるCasualA way of writing 「やる」 reserved for performing — plays, music, roles and the like.
Default to 「する」 for doing in general; 「やる」 is the casual spoken choice. Use 「行う」 for formal, rule-governed events and 「致す」 as the humble form for actions on your own side. To stress finishing or achieving, pick 「やり遂げる」, 「成し遂げる」 or 「果たす」; for blunders say 「やらかす」 (or 「仕出かす」). The nouns 実行 and 達成 are everyday words for carrying out plans and reaching targets; 実施・履行・遂行・執行・実践 are written-style with specific objects such as plans, duties and contracts, and 為す・成す・遂げる・営む are literary with narrow ranges.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
- 動作を起こす。
- あるものに作用を及ぼして、状態などを異ならせる。
- 音、味、においなど、あるいは身体的症状が感じられる。
- (〜〈金額〉する)〜の価格である。
- (服飾品などを)身に付ける。
- ものを使っておおう。
- (〜〈時間〉する)〜の時間が経過する。条件節でのみ使う。
- 形容詞・形容動詞の連用形について、他動詞の複合動詞を構成する。
- (〜にする)〜に決める。
- (〜にする)このあとすぐに行う。
- (〜とする)〜と定める。設定する。仮定する。
- (〜とする)〜とのべる。説明する。主張する。
- (多くは慣用句: 体の一部 + にする)その器官の機能を実現する。
- (修飾語 + 体の一部 + をする)その人の特徴として、そのようなものを持つ。
- 動詞に取り立て助詞をつけるときに用いる。補助動詞に使うことは比較的少ない。形容詞の場合は ある を用いる。


